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  2. Disruptive selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive_selection

    In evolutionary biology, disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups.

  3. Evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

    The first is directional selection, which is a shift in the average value of a trait over time—for example, organisms slowly getting taller. [80] Secondly, disruptive selection is selection for extreme trait values and often results in two different values becoming most common, with selection against the average value. This would be when ...

  4. Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_and...

    disruptive selection. Also diversifying selection. A mode of natural selection in which the extreme values of a trait or phenotype within a breeding population are favored over intermediate values, causing allele frequencies to shift over time away from the intermediate. This causes the variance in the trait to increase and results in the ...

  5. Genetic divergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_divergence

    Genetic divergence will always accompany reproductive isolation, either due to novel adaptations via selection and/or due to genetic drift, and is the principal mechanism underlying speciation. On a molecular genetics level, genetic divergence is due to changes in a small number of genes in a species, resulting in speciation . [ 2 ]

  6. Natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection

    Stabilizing selection conserves functional genetic features, such as protein-coding genes or regulatory sequences, over time by selective pressure against deleterious variants. [105] Disruptive (or diversifying) selection is selection favouring extreme trait values over intermediate trait values.

  7. Rate of evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_evolution

    The rate of evolution is quantified as the speed of genetic or morphological change in a lineage over a period of time. The speed at which a molecular entity (such as a protein, gene, etc.) evolves is of considerable interest in evolutionary biology since determining the evolutionary rate is the first step in characterizing its evolution. [1]

  8. Fixation (population genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_(population_genetics)

    Average time to fixation N e is the effective population size, the number of individuals in an idealised population under genetic drift required to produce an equivalent amount of genetic diversity. Usually the population statistic used to define effective population size is heterozygosity, but others can be used.

  9. Reinforcement (speciation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_(speciation)

    In general, two types of experiments have been conducted: using artificial selection to mimic natural selection that eliminates the hybrids (often called "destroy-the-hybrids"), and using disruptive selection to select for a trait (regardless of its function in sexual reproduction).