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Drafting pantograph in use Pantograph used for scaling a picture. The red shape is traced and enlarged. Pantograph 3d rendering. A pantograph (from Greek παντ- 'all, every' and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical ...
The first color systems that appeared in motion pictures were additive color systems. Additive color was practical because no special color stock was necessary. Black-and-white film could be processed and used in both filming and projection. The various additive systems entailed the use of color filters on both the movie camera and projector ...
Sound films emphasized black history, and benefited different genres to a greater extent than silents did. Most obviously, the musical film was born; the first classic-style Hollywood musical was The Broadway Melody (1929), and the form would find its first major creator in choreographer/director Busby Berkeley ( 42nd Street , 1933, Dames , 1934).
The Transformation of Cinema 1907–1915 (History of the American Cinema, Vol. 2) Charles Scribner's Sons, 1990. Rawlence, Christopher (1990). The Missing Reel: The Untold Story of the Lost Inventor of Moving Pictures. Charles Atheneum. ISBN 978-0689120688. Cousins, Mark. The Story of Film: A Worldwide History, New York: Thunder's Mouth press ...
Internet Movie Database, 1990–2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Jennings, Tom (editor). The Dead Media Project, 2001? Retrieved on 2006-10-22. Kattelle, Alan. A Brief History of Amateur Film Gauges and Related Equipment, 1899–2001, 2003. Retrieved on 2006-10-22. Library of Congress, History of Edison Motion Pictures, date unknown. Retrieved on ...
The Bell and Howell 2709 movie camera invented in 1915 allowed directors to make close-ups without physically moving the camera. By the late 1920s, most of the movies produced were sound films. Wide screen formats were first experimented within the 1950s. By the 1970s, most movies were color films. IMAX and other 70mm formats gained popularity.
A hand-colored print of George Méliès' The Impossible Voyage (1904). The first film colorization methods were hand-done by individuals. For example, at least 4% of George Méliès' output, including some prints of A Trip to the Moon from 1902 and other major films such as The Kingdom of the Fairies, The Impossible Voyage, and The Barber of Seville were individually hand-colored by Elisabeth ...
First movie with African-American interracial marriage: One Potato, Two Potato, [81] actors Bernie Hamilton and Barbara Barrie, written by Orville H. Hampton, Raphael Hayes, directed by Larry Peerce First African-American man to win the Academy Award for Best Actor : Sidney Poitier ( Lilies of the Field , 1963) (See also: James Baskett , 1948)