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A systematic review of neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure was done in 2014. The review found that "Most of the studies evaluating prenatal exposure observed a negative effect on mental development and an increase in attention problems in preschool and school children." [30]
Both groups of children completed intelligence measures to compute an IQ. Study results showed that the prenatally exposed children performed lower on the intelligence measures than their non-exposed peers with ADHD. The study results also suggest that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine may negatively impact processing speed as children develop.
[6] [7] Crossbreeding between populations sometimes has positive effects on fitness-related traits, [8] but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding depression. However, increased homozygosity increases the probability of fixing beneficial alleles and also slightly decreases the probability of fixing deleterious alleles in ...
Overall, those children who were exposed to cocaine during pregnancy had lower scores on the Short Term Memory scale than unexposed children at all age levels, especially boys. Cocaine exposure also predicted lower IQ scores in general. [32] Exposing prenatal offspring to cocaine can cause irreversible damage and increase developmental risks. [32]
The paternal age effect is the statistical relationship between the father's age at conception and biological effects on the child. [1] Such effects can relate to birthweight, congenital disorders, life expectancy, and psychological outcomes. [2] A 2017 review found that while severe health effects are associated with higher paternal age, the ...
A maternal bond is the relationship between a biological mother/caregiver and her child or baby. While typically associated with pregnancy and childbirth, a maternal bond may also develop in cases later on in life where the child is unrelated, such as in the case of an adoptee or a case of blended family.
For all other pregnancies, use of IVIG should be discussed, and, if indicated, should be started before 24 weeks of pregnancy and continued until the birth of the child. [ 19 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 9 ] [ 25 ] In some cases this dosage is increased to 2 g/kg and/or combined with a course of prednisolone depending on the exact circumstances of the case.
High levels of vehicle pollution where pregnant women reside can have adverse health effects on fetuses. In the United States about 10% of the population, 33 million people, live within 900 meters of a high traffic road [ 1 ] High-traffic roads are commonly identified as being host to more than 50,000 vehicles per day, which is a source of ...