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The Hospitallers in the 13th century. In 1053, for the Battle of Civitate, the Knights of Saint Peter (Milites Sancti Petri) was founded as a militia by Pope Leo IX to counter the Normans. [2] In response to the Islamic conquests of the former Byzantine Empire, numerous Catholic military orders were set up following the First Crusade.
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The Hospitallers and Templars took advantage of the fact that they were excluded from the treaty and, in the fall of 1229, led a successful incursion into the north of the country against the Muslims of the fortress of Montferrand and a disastrous expedition to Hama in July and August 1230.
The Central Convent of Hospitallers and Templars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099/1120-1310). Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-16660-8. Crowley, Roger (2008). Empires of the Sea: The Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for the Center of the World. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6624-7. Fenech, Marthese (2011).
[2] The Templars, though relatively small in number, routinely joined other armies in key battles. They would be the force that would ram through the enemy's front lines at the beginning of a battle, or the fighters that would protect the army from the rear. They fought alongside King Louis VII of France, and King Richard I of England. [3]
The Order of the Temple's Belgian branch, KVMRIS, encouraged the formation of the International Secretariat of Templars in Brussels in 1894. [2] The Belgian branch eventually created in 1932 as the Sovereign and Military Order of the Temple, under the regent Théodore Covias (there were too few members to have a Grand Master).
By papal decree, the property of the Templars was transferred to the Knights Hospitaller except in the Kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, and Portugal. Portugal was the first country in Europe where they had settled, occurring only two or three years after the order's foundation in Jerusalem and even having a presence during Portugal's conception.
At the same time, the Albigensian Crusade raged and Inquisitors were given special powers by Honorius III which allowed them to examine even the exempted and protected orders of the Templars, Hospitallers and Cistercians in cases where heresy was suspected. At the end of the Albigensian Crusade, these special powers were never revoked but ...