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Prevnar vaccine. Prevnar 20 (PCV20) is the third version of a vaccine produced by the Wyeth subsidiary of Pfizer.In April 2023, the FDA approved Prevnar 20 for the prevention of invasive disease caused by the 20 different serotypes of S. pneumoniae contained in the vaccine (serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F) for individuals 6 ...
The polysaccharide vaccines, while effective in healthy adults, are not effective in children less than two years old or those with poor immune function. [1] [4] These vaccines are generally safe. [1] With the conjugate vaccine about 10% of babies develop redness at the site of injection, fever, or change in sleep. [1] Severe allergies are very ...
The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is widely used in high-risk adults. [4] First used in 1945, the tetravalent vaccine was not widely distributed, since its deployment coincided with the discovery of penicillin. [5] In the 1970s, Robert Austrian championed the manufacture and distribution of a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
The black rat is a reservoir host for bubonic plague. The rat fleas that infest the rats are vectors for the disease. In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; [1] whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest . The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter.
In epidemiology, seroconversion is often used in reference to observing the evolution of a virus from a host or natural reservoir host to the human population. Epidemiologists compare archived human blood specimens taken from infected hosts before an epidemic and later specimens from infected hosts at later stages of the epidemic.
It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. [2]
A vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae, available for adults, is recommended for healthy individuals over 65 and all adults with COPD, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, alcoholism, cerebrospinal fluid leaks or who have had a splenectomy. Re-vaccination may be required after five or ten years. [16]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.