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Irrespective of the problem category, the process of solving a problem can be divided into two broad steps: constructing an efficient algorithm, and implementing the algorithm in a suitable programming language (the set of programming languages allowed varies from contest to contest). These are the two most commonly tested skills in programming ...
Their enterprise-side product, HackerRank for Work, is a subscription service that aims to help companies source, screen (CodePair), and hire engineers and other technical employees. [12] The product is intended to allow technical recruiters to use programming challenges to test candidates on their specific programming skills and better ...
In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet .
As depicted, the Caesar cipher uses a substitution method much like the Aristocrat, however, instead of inserting a keyword into the ciphertext, you shift the ciphertext by three to the left. Coined in 1929 by a group of friends, a part of the American Cryptogram Association (ACA), the Aristocrat Cipher's name was a play on words intended to ...
The following attack on the Caesar cipher allows full recovery of the secret key: Suppose the adversary sends the message: Attack at dawn, and the oracle returns Nggnpx ng qnja. The adversary can then work through to recover the key in the same way as a Caesar cipher. The adversary could deduce the substitutions A → N, T → G and so on. This ...
A constraint optimization problem (COP) is a constraint satisfaction problem associated to an objective function. An optimal solution to a minimization (maximization) COP is a solution that minimizes (maximizes) the value of the objective function. During the search of the solutions of a COP, a user can wish for:
A problem that can theoretically be solved, but requires impractical and finite resources (e.g., time) to do so, is known as an intractable problem. [14] Conversely, a problem that can be solved in practice is called a tractable problem, literally "a problem that can be handled".
NC i is the class of decision problems decidable by uniform boolean circuits with a polynomial number of gates of at most two inputs and depth O((log n) i), or the class of decision problems solvable in time O((log n) i) on a parallel computer with a polynomial number of processors. Clearly, we have