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Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the labyrinth, a maze of fluid-filled channels in the inner ear. Vestibular neuritis is inflammation of the vestibular nerve (the nerve in the ear that sends messages related to motion and position to the brain). [2] [3] [4] Both conditions involve inflammation of the inner ear. [5]
A: The bottom of a concave meniscus. B: The top of a convex meniscus . In physics (particularly fluid statics ), the meniscus ( pl. : menisci , from Greek 'crescent') is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, produced by surface tension .
Depending on the type and location of the tear, the patient's age, and physician's preference, injured menisci are usually either repaired or removed, in part or completely (meniscectomy). Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Many studies show the meniscus serves a purpose and therefore doctors will attempt to repair when possible.
If this maneuver produces pain, this constitutes a "positive Apley test" and damage to the meniscus is likely. Lateral rotation tests for medial implications (meniscal during compression and ligamentous when distracting the tibia) and medial rotation tests for lateral implications again (meniscal during compression and ligamentous when ...
Each meniscus has an outer vascular zone (red-red zone), which has a good blood supply and healing potential as well as a central avascular zone (white-white zone), which has limited healing capability. [2] The medial meniscus is more prone to injury due to its firm attachment to the joint capsule and limited mobility.
Symptoms include pain, an audible cracking sound during injury, instability of the knee, and joint swelling. [1] Swelling generally appears within a couple of hours. [2] In approximately 50% of cases, other structures of the knee such as surrounding ligaments, cartilage, or meniscus are damaged. [1]
Healing of the medial meniscus is generally not possible unless the patient is very young, usually <15 years old. Damage to the outer third of the meniscus has the best healing potential because of the blood supply, but the inner two thirds of the medial meniscus has a limited blood supply and thus limited healing ability.
Osteoarthritis knee pain usually occurs while the joint is bearing weight, so the pain typically subsides with rest; some patients experience severe pain, while others report no discomfort. [1] Even if one knee is much larger than the other, pain is not guaranteed.