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Inderal (propranolol) – a beta blocker; it is used for acute anxiety, panic attacks, and hypertension; Intuniv - an extended release, non-stimulant alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Available in instant-release under the brand-name Tenex.
Propranolol may cause harmful effects for the baby if taken during pregnancy; [7] however, its use during breastfeeding is generally considered to be safe. [8] It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. [2] Propranolol was patented in 1962 and approved for medical use in 1964. [9]
She also cites the “5 Ds” linked to late-life suicide: depression, disconnection, disability, disease, and access to deadly means. Meanwhile, a shocking number of older people are going ...
Timolol, propranolol; Propranolol is the only agent indicated for the control of tremor, portal hypertension, and esophageal variceal bleeding, and used in conjunction with α-blocker therapy in phaeochromocytoma. [45]
The PHQ-9 (DEP-9 in some sources [13]), a tool specific to depression, scores each of the 9 DSM-IV related criteria based on the mood module from the original PRIME-MD. [14] The PHQ-9 is both sensitive and specific in its diagnoses, which has led to its prominence in the primary care setting.
This was from the notion that depression was primarily due to norepinephrine deficits, partly based on the fact that drugs that relieve depression increase brain norepinephrine levels. [28] To date, a great number of potent and selective and mixed norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) have been marketed as antidepressants. [11]
First-pass metabolism may occur in the liver (for propranolol, lidocaine, clomethiazole, and nitroglycerin) or in the gut (for benzylpenicillin and insulin). [4] The four primary systems that affect the first pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the gastrointestinal lumen, [5] gastrointestinal wall enzymes, [6] [7] [8] bacterial enzymes [5] and hepatic enzymes.
The World Health Organisation has stated that depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a major contributor to the global burden of disease. [5] Stephen Ilardi has described depression as a "disease of civilisation", stating "We were never designed for the sedentary, indoor, sleep-deprived, socially-isolated, fast-food-laden, frenetic pace of modern life".