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The 5% Value at Risk of a hypothetical profit-and-loss probability density function. Value at risk (VaR) is a measure of the risk of loss of investment/capital.It estimates how much a set of investments might lose (with a given probability), given normal market conditions, in a set time period such as a day.
Graham also cautioned that his calculations were not perfect, even in the time period for which it was published, noting in the 1973 edition of The Intelligent Investor: "We should have added caution somewhat as follows: The valuations of expected high-growth stocks are necessarily on the low side, if we were to assume these growth rates will ...
This is the formula that was used for the old Financial Times stock market index (the predecessor of the FTSE 100 Index). It was inadequate for that purpose. In particular, if the price of any of the constituents were to fall to zero, the whole index would fall to zero.
It is intended to chart the current and historical strength or weakness of a stock or market based on the closing prices of a recent trading period. The indicator should not be confused with relative strength. The RSI is classified as a momentum oscillator, measuring the velocity and magnitude of price movements.
The %If Unchanged Return calculation determines the potential return assuming a covered call position's stock price at option expiration is the same as at initial purchase. The %If Assigned Return calculation assumes the price of the stock is equal to or greater than the strike price of the sold call option.
If a stock doesn't pay dividends, other methods using distributable cash flows, may be utilized. The duration of an equity is a noisy analogue of the Macaulay duration of a bond, due to the variability and unpredictability of dividend payments. The duration of a stock or the stock market is implied rather than deterministic.
If investors can purchase a risk free asset with some return r F, then all correctly priced risky assets or portfolios will have expected return of the form = +where b is some incremental return to offset the risk (sometimes known as a risk premium), and σ P is the risk itself expressed as the standard deviation.
It is the financial contract futures that allow an investor to hedge with or speculate on the future value of various components of the NASDAQ market index. Several futures instruments are derived from the Nasdaq composite index , these include the E-mini NASDAQ composite futures, the E-mini NASDAQ biology futures, the NASDAQ-100 futures, and ...