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Phocomelia is a congenital condition that involves malformations of human arms and legs which result in a flipper-like appendage. [1] [2] A prominent cause of phocomelia is the mother being prescribed the use of the drug thalidomide during pregnancy; however, the causes of most cases are to be determined. [2]
external causes during pregnancy (thus not inherited), e.g. via amniotic band syndrome; teratogenic drugs (e.g. thalidomide, which causes phocomelia) or environmental chemicals; ionizing radiation (nuclear weapons, radioiodine, radiation therapy) infections; metabolic imbalance
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Hecht Scott syndrome (also known as fibular aplasia–tibial campomelia–oligosyndactyly [FATCO] syndrome) is a rare genetic disease that causes congenital limb formation. [ citation needed ] The main characterisation is the aplasia or hypoplasia of bones (mainly the fibula or tibia ) of the limb. [ 1 ]
Created Date: 8/30/2012 4:52:52 PM
Roberts syndrome, or sometimes called pseudothalidomide syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is characterized by mild to severe prenatal retardation or disruption of cell division, leading to malformation of the bones in the skull, face, arms, and legs.
Genetic causes of birth defects include inheritance of abnormal genes from the mother or the father, as well as new mutations in one of the germ cells that gave rise to the fetus. Male germ cells mutate at a much faster rate than female germ cells, and as the father ages, the DNA of the germ cells mutates quickly.
This syndrome is caused by mutations in the establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2 gene. [3]This gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p21.1). Mutations in this gene also cause Roberts/SC phocomelia syndrome.