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The sense of smell should be tested individually in each nostril. [18] Many cases of congenital anosmia remain unreported and undiagnosed. Since the disorder is present from birth the individual may have little or no understanding of the sense of smell, hence is unaware of the deficit. [56] It may also lead to reduction of appetite. [57]
Instead, the diagnosis is made through a combination of clinical evaluations, smell tests, imaging studies, and the exclusion of other potential causes of smell loss. [ 1 ] [ 12 ] This comprehensive approach ensures that other conditions that might interfere with the sense of smell are ruled out before confirming a diagnosis of congenital anosmia.
The underlying cause is due to the defective migration of GNRH neurons from olfactory placode to hypothalamus, leading to congenital GNRH deficiency. This leads to olfactory problems such as anosmia, optic defects like color blindness, and results in hypothalmic deficiencies associated with low levels of LH, affecting sex hormone testosterone in males or estrogen and progesterone in females.
Losing or not having your sense of smell may be linked to changes in breathing that could lead to depression, social isolation or other mental health problems, a new study suggests.
Whiffing nasty things is a part of life—but a foul nose shouldn’t be. ENT doctors explain the reasons for a bad smell in your nose and how to get rid of it. 12 Reasons That Bad Smell in Your ...
The term "Empty Nose Syndrome" was first used by Eugene Kern and Monika Stenkvist of the Mayo Clinic in 1994. [3] Kern and Eric Moore published a case study of 242 people with secondary atrophic rhinitis in 2001 and were the first to attribute the cause to prior sinonasal surgery in the scientific literature.
Ethmoidal – may cause pain or pressure pain between or behind the eyes, along the sides of the upper nose (medial canthi), and headaches. [ 27 ] Sphenoidal – may cause pain or pressure behind the eyes, though it is often felt at top of the head , over the mastoid processes , or the back of the head.
In Japan, MCS is called chemical hypersensitivity or chemical intolerance (化学物質過敏症; kagaku bushitsu kabinsho), and the 1999 Japanese definition requires one or more of four major symptoms – headaches; malaise and fatigue; muscle pain; joint pain – combined with laboratory findings and/or some minor symptoms, such as mental ...