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The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide.At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor.
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
Alternatively, it may be prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to bismuth oxide and evaporating the solution. Bi 2 O 3 + 6 HCl → 2 BiCl 3 + 3 H 2 O. Also, the compound can be prepared by dissolving bismuth in concentrated nitric acid and then adding solid sodium chloride into this solution. [2] Bi + 6 HNO 3 → Bi(NO 3) 3 + 3 H 2 O + 3 NO 2
It can be created by neutralising hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide. Calcium chloride is commonly encountered as a hydrated solid with generic formula CaCl 2 ·nH 2 O, where n = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6. These compounds are mainly used for de-icing and dust control. Because the anhydrous salt is hygroscopic and deliquescent, it is used as a ...
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen. Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures. [4] [5]
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
This method is the forerunner for that used today, which uses hydrogen chloride instead of sulfuric acid and sodium chloride. [16] Chloromethane is produced commercially by treating methanol with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride, according to the chemical equation: [5] CH 3 OH + HCl → CH 3 Cl + H 2 O
Hydrolysis gives arsenous acid and hydrochloric acid: AsCl 3 + 3 H 2 O → As(OH) 3 + 3 HCl. Although AsCl 3 is less moisture sensitive than PCl 3, it still fumes in moist air. [10] AsCl 3 undergoes redistribution upon treatment with As 2 O 3 to give the inorganic polymer AsOCl. With chloride sources, AsCl 3 also forms salts containing the ...