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Philosophy seated between the seven liberal arts; picture from the Hortus deliciarum of Herrad von Landsberg (12th century).. Medieval philosophy is the philosophy that existed through the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century until after the Renaissance in the 13th and 14th centuries. [1]
Medieval Jewish philosophers (1 C, 83 P) M. Philosophers of the medieval Islamic world (3 C, 9 P) S. Scholastic philosophers (4 C, 196 P) This page was last edited on ...
Peter Abelard [a] (12 February 1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, leading logician, theologian, teacher, musician, composer, and poet. [3]In philosophy he is celebrated for his logical solution to the problem of universals via nominalism and conceptualism and his pioneering of intent in ethics. [4]
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, [6] [note 1] commonly known simply as Boethius (/ b oʊ ˈ iː θ i ə s /; Latin: Boetius; c. 480–524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, magister officiorum, polymath, historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages.
Thomas Aquinas OP (/ ə ˈ k w aɪ n ə s / ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian [6] Dominican friar and priest, the foremost Scholastic thinker, [7] as well as one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the Western tradition. [8]
In medieval Europe, peasants had a vision of paradise that they called the Land of Cockaigne. It was a mythical place of plenty, where the walls were made of sausages and the sky rained cheese.
Philosopher Johann Beukes has suggested that from 1349 to 1464, the era between the deaths of William of Ockham and Nicholas of Cusa, there was a distinct period characterized by "robust and independent philosophers" who departed from high scholasticism on issues such as institutional criticism and materialism but retained scholasticism's method.
In medieval times, the great chain was seen as a God-given and unchangeable ordering. In the Northern Renaissance , the scientific focus shifted to biology; the threefold division of the chain below humans formed the basis for Carl Linnaeus 's Systema Naturæ from 1737, where he divided the physical components of the world into the three ...