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  2. Contour line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line

    A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes. [4] The contour interval of a contour map is the difference in elevation between successive contour lines. [5] The gradient of the function is always perpendicular to the contour ...

  3. Stream gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_gradient

    On topographic maps, stream gradient can be easily approximated if the scale of the map and the contour intervals are known. Contour lines form a V-shape on the map, pointing upstream. By counting the number of lines that cross a certain segment of a stream, multiplying this by the contour interval, and dividing that quantity by the length of ...

  4. Level set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_set

    Theorem: If the function f is differentiable, the gradient of f at a point is either zero, or perpendicular to the level set of f at that point. To understand what this means, imagine that two hikers are at the same location on a mountain. One of them is bold, and decides to go in the direction where the slope is steepest.

  5. Topographic profile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_profile

    A topographic profile or topographic cut or elevation profile is a representation of the relief of the terrain that is obtained by cutting transversely the lines of a topographic map. Each contour line can be defined as a closed line joining relief points at equal height above sea level. [1]

  6. Topographic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map

    Sergeant Chris D. Washington checking his Topographic map during a morning deer hunt in Kilgore, Texas A topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines Part of the same map in a perspective shaded relief view illustrating how the contour lines follow the terrain Sheet #535 (2013 version; second digital edition) of MTN50 Spanish National Topographic map series, covering Algete town (near ...

  7. Gradient descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_descent

    The blue curves are the contour lines, that is, the regions on which the value of is constant. A red arrow originating at a point shows the direction of the negative gradient at that point. Note that the (negative) gradient at a point is orthogonal to the contour line going through that

  8. Directional derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_derivative

    A contour plot of (,) = +, showing the gradient vector in black, and the unit vector scaled by the directional derivative in the direction of in orange. The gradient vector is longer because the gradient points in the direction of greatest rate of increase of a function.

  9. Vector calculus identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_calculus_identities

    Contour integration; ... the gradient is the ... Integration around a closed curve in the clockwise sense is the negative of the same line integral in the ...