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In toxicology, the margin of exposure (or MOE) of a substance is the ratio of its no-observed-adverse-effect level to its theoretical, predicted, or estimated dose or concentration of human intake. [1] It is used in risk assessment to determine the dangerousness of substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic. [2]
Collateral management began in the 1980s, with Bankers Trust and Salomon Brothers taking collateral against credit exposure. There were no legal standards, and most calculations were performed manually on spreadsheets. Collateralisation of derivatives exposures became widespread in the early 1990s.
Exposure at default or (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor. [1] [2] Outside of Basel II, the concept is sometimes known as Credit Exposure (CE). It represents the ...
Risk is the lack of certainty about the outcome of making a particular choice. Statistically, the level of downside risk can be calculated as the product of the probability that harm occurs (e.g., that an accident happens) multiplied by the severity of that harm (i.e., the average amount of harm or more conservatively the maximum credible amount of harm).
The framework replaced both non-internal model approaches: the Current Exposure Method (CEM) and the Standardised Method (SM). It is intended to be a "risk-sensitive methodology", i.e. conscious of asset class and hedging , that differentiates between margined and non-margined trades and recognizes netting benefits ; considerations ...
The DNEL is to be published in the manufacturer's chemical safety report (CSR) and, for hazard communication, in an extended safety data sheet. Correspondent to REACH legislation, the registrant (manufacturer or importer) of a substance has to indicate the DNELs for the most probable way of exposition (oral, dermal, inhalative) and the expected ...
Concentration risk – The risk associated with any single exposure or group of exposures with the potential to produce large enough losses to threaten a bank's core operations. It may arise in the form of single-name concentration or industry concentration.
Here, the management is ongoing [10] — see following description — and is coupled with the use of insurance, [71] managing the net-exposure as above: credit risk is usually addressed via provisioning and credit insurance; likewise, where this treatment is deemed appropriate, specifically identified operational risks are also insured. [68]