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The terms Crusader states and Outremer (French: outre-mer, lit. 'overseas') describe the four feudal states established after the First Crusade in the Levant in around 1100: (from north to south) the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Tripoli, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The term Outremer is of medieval origin ...
French Crusaders also brought their language to the Levant, thus establishing Old French as the lingua franca of the Crusader states, in which Latin served as the official language. While the majority of the population in the countryside comprised Christians and Muslims from local Levantine ethnicities, many Europeans (primarily French and ...
When it came to composite Crusader armies, there was no choice but to unite, since the surrounding hostile Arab and Turkish forces could easily outnumber the Crusaders. When that was the case with Baibars, the Crusader states fell one by one. One of the Crusaders' long-term goals was the conquest of Egypt.
Crusader state Conflict established in Date established Date disestablished County of Edessa [1] First Crusade: 1098 1144 Principality of Antioch [2] First Crusade: 1098 1268 Kingdom of Jerusalem [3] First Crusade: 1099 1291 County of Tripoli [4] First Crusade: 1102 1289 Kingdom of Cyprus [5] Third Crusade: 1192 1489 Latin Empire [6] Fourth ...
Many other Christian states and Crusader orders; Islamic states and factions of Iberia; Christian victory First Crusade (1096–1099) Location: Mostly Levant and Anatolia. Kingdom of France; Holy Roman Empire; Various Christian Kingdoms and Crusader orders Fatimid Caliphate; Seljuk Empire. Sultanate of Rûm; Danishmends; Seljuk Emirate of Aleppo
3.2 From the Crusader states. 4 Crusade of 1197. 5 Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) 6 Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) 7 Sixth Crusade (1228–1229) 8 Barons' Crusade.
The French crusaders were joined by Hugh VI of Lusignan. From here the French crusader army of 16,000 went through Southern Germany, Austria, and Hungary they were joined by Duke Welf I of Bavaria, a papal legate who was the Archbishop of Salzburg with the name of Thiemo, and the widowed margravine Ida of Austria, mother of Leopold III of Austria.
The Army of Robert II of Flanders, led by Robert the Crusader, Count of Flanders. Robert returned home with Robert of Normandy. The Army of Hugh of Vermandois, led by Hugh the Great, Count of Vermandois, son of Henry I, King of France. Hugh returned to France (some say he fled the battlefield) prior to the conquest of Jerusalem only to form a ...