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A modern replica of Hero's aeolipile. It is not known whether the aeolipile was put to any practical use in ancient times, and if it was seen as a pragmatic device, a whimsical novelty, an object of reverence, or some other thing. A source described it as a mere curiosity for the ancient Greeks, or a "party trick". [7]
Hero's aeolipile. A number of devices and inventions have been ascribed to Hero, including the following: The aeolipile (a version of which is known as "Hero's engine"), which was a rocket-like reaction engine and the first-recorded steam engine (although Vitruvius mentioned the aeolipile in De Architectura, presumably earlier than Hero). [13]
1615 (): Salomon de Caus, who had been an engineer and architect under Louis XIII, publishes a book showing a device similar to that of Porta. [5] 1629 (): Giovanni Branca suggests using a steam turbine device similar to that described by Taqi al-Din but intended to be used to power a series of pestles working in mortars. [5]
The 1698 Savery Steam Pump - the first commercially successful steam powered device, built by Thomas Savery [1] The first recorded rudimentary steam engine was the aeolipile mentioned by Vitruvius between 30 and 15 BC and, described by Heron of Alexandria in 1st-century Roman Egypt. [2]
Their subsequent designs culminated in the gasoline-fuelled HeS 3 of 1,100 lbf (5 kN), which was fitted to Heinkel's simple and compact He 178 airframe and flown by Erich Warsitz in the early morning of 27 August 1939, from Rostock-Marienehe aerodrome, an impressively short time for development.
4000 BC: Probable time period of the first diamond-mines in the world, in Southern India. [125] 4000 BC: Paved roads, in and around the Mesopotamian city of Ur, Iraq. [126] 4000 BC: Plumbing. The earliest pipes were made of clay, and are found at the Temple of Bel at Nippur in Babylonia. [127] [b]
The Hierapolis sawmill was a water-powered stone sawmill in the Ancient Greek city of Hierapolis in Roman Asia (modern-day Turkey). Dating to the second half of the 3rd century AD, [ 2 ] the sawmill is considered the earliest known machine to combine a crank with a connecting rod to form a crank-slider mechanism .
Hinge — Ancient remains of stone, marble, wood, and bronze hinges have been found. Some date back to at least Ancient Egypt. [167] Saw — In ancient Egypt, open (unframed) saws made of copper are documented as early as the Early Dynastic Period, circa 3,100–2,686 BC.