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The WLF equation is a consequence of time–temperature superposition (TTSP), which mathematically is an application of Boltzmann's superposition principle. It is TTSP, not WLF, that allows the assembly of a compliance master curve that spans more time, or frequency, than afforded by the time available for experimentation or the frequency range ...
The empirical relationship of Williams-Landel-Ferry, [10] combined with the principle of time-temperature superposition, can account for variations in the intrinsic viscosity η 0 of amorphous polymers as a function of temperature, for temperatures near the glass transition temperature T g. The WLF model also expresses the change with the ...
If the melt of an (organic) amorphous polymer is cooled down, it solidifies at the glass-transition temperature T g. On cooling, the hardness of the polymer increases in the neighborhood of T g by several orders of magnitude. This hardening follows the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation, not the Arrhenius equation.
The Flory–Fox equation relates the number-average molecular weight, M n, to the glass transition temperature, T g, as shown below: =, where T g,∞ is the maximum glass transition temperature that can be achieved at a theoretical infinite molecular weight and K is an empirical parameter that is related to the free volume present in the polymer sample.
Flory–Huggins solution theory is a lattice model of the thermodynamics of polymer solutions which takes account of the great dissimilarity in molecular sizes in adapting the usual expression for the entropy of mixing. The result is an equation for the Gibbs free energy change for mixing a polymer with a solvent. Although it makes simplifying ...
Crystallization affects optical, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of the polymer. The degree of crystallinity is estimated by different analytical methods and it typically ranges between 10 and 80%, with crystallized polymers often called "semi-crystalline". The properties of semi-crystalline polymers are determined not only by the ...
FENE-P is one of few polymer models that can be used in computational fluid dynamics simulations since it removes the need of statistical averaging at each grid point at any instant in time. It is demonstrated to be able to capture some of the most important polymeric flow behaviors such as polymer turbulence drag reduction and shear thinning.
The molecular weight of polymers has a large influence on their properties and therefore determines the applications. Among others the flow behavior, the solubility, the mechanical properties but also the lifetime are influenced by the molecular weight.
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