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The Manunggul Jar is a secondary burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point in Palawan, Philippines. It dates from 890–710 B.C. [ 2 ] and the two prominent figures at the top handle of its cover represent the journey of the soul to the afterlife .
The Manunggul Jar is a type of secondary burial meaning that the body had been moved after an initial burial which can be ceremonial. The discovery of the Manunggul jar gave archaeologists a better understanding of the Philippines' early belief in the afterlife. The Manunggul Jar
The Manunggul burial jar, one of the numerous burial jars found on the cave system. Between 1962 and 1966, the cave system was explored and researched by Robert B. Fox together with a team from the National Museum of the Philippines. [3] Among those discovered on the site was the Tabon Man, which is believed to be 22,000 to 24,000 years old.
A funeral procession in the Philippines, 2009. During the Pre-Hispanic period the early Filipinos believed in a concept of life after death. [1] This belief, which stemmed from indigenous ancestral veneration and was strengthened by strong family and community relations within tribes, prompted the Filipinos to create burial customs to honor the dead through prayers and rituals.
Detail on a jar cover molded into a human head. Even though the burial jars are similar to that of the pottery found in Kulaman Plateau, Southern Mindanao and many more excavation sites here in the Philippines, what makes the Maitum jars uniquely different is how the anthropomorphic features depict “specific dead persons whose remains they guard”.
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The Manunggul Shell Spoon is a concave utensil with a sharp point at one end and a figure at the other end. The latter has a right extremity that forms to what appears like an arm with five digits. The left extremity and the head are missing. The outer surface of the body whorl near the figure has an angular shoulder.
Tapayan is derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapay-an which refers to large earthen jars originally used to ferment rice wine ().In modern Austronesian languages, derivatives include tapayan (Tagalog, Ilocano and various Visayan languages), tapj-an (), and tapáy-an in the Philippines; and tepayan and tempayan (Javanese and Malay) in Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia.