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Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise. [1] [2] It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. [1] [2] It is taken by mouth.
GLP-1 analogs resulted in weight loss and had more gastrointestinal side-effects, while in general dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were weight-neutral and are associated with increased risk for infection and headache. Both classes appear to present an alternative to other antidiabetic drugs.
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In the EU, semaglutide (Wegovy) is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight management, including weight loss and weight maintenance, in adults with obesity (initial body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2) or who are overweight (initial BMI ≥ 27 kg/m 2) and have at least one weight-related ...
GLP-1 agonists' weight reduction effects come from a combination of peripheral effects as well as activity in the brain via the central nervous system. [17] In the brain, GLP-1 agonists reduce weight by crossing the blood-brain barrier in the brain and directly activating the satiety hormones in the ventromedial hypothalamus (Hariyanto, 2021).
A 2014 review found increased risk of heart failure with saxagliptin and alogliptin, prompting the FDA in 2016 to add warnings to the relevant drug labels. [22] A 2018 meta analysis showed that use of DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a 58% increased risk of developing acute pancreatitis compared with placebo or no treatment. [23]
Sotagliflozin (Inpefa) is a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2023, to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and urgent heart failure visit in adults with heart failure or type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Some common example of a sulfonylurea is glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride and gliclazide. Depending on the medication, there are different size tablets but in general, the sizes range from about 1 mg to 10 mg. Usually the tablet is taken about 30 minutes before a meal and can be either once or twice a day.