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In the United States, traps are commonly referred to as P-traps. It is the addition of a 90 degree fitting on the outlet side of a U-bend, thereby creating a P-like shape (oriented horizontally). It is also referred to as a sink trap because it is installed under most sinks. Because of its shape, the trap retains some water after the fixture's use.
The first step (called SC-1, where SC stands for Standard Clean) is performed with a solution of (ratios may vary) [2] 5 parts of deionized water; 1 part of ammonia water, (29% by weight of NH 3) 1 part of aqueous H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide, 30%) at 75 or 80 °C [1] typically for 10 minutes. This base-peroxide mixture removes organic residues.
Therefore, the trap width is set to a strict minimum, dictated by the maximum amount of misregistration of the entire workflow up to the press. When printing at 150 lpi, traps are usually between 1/150 and 1/300 inch (0.48 pt and 0.24 pt, 0.16 mm and 0.08 mm). These values are usually multiplied by 1.5 or 2 when one of the colors is black.
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The first instance of a self-cleaning surface was created in 1995. [1] Paz et al. created a transparent titanium dioxide (TiO 2) film that was used to coat glass and provide the ability for the glass to self-clean. The first commercial application of this self-cleaning surface, Pilkington Activ, was developed by Pilkington glass in 2001. This ...
A Buchan trap (alternative names: Bristol interceptor, [1] interceptor trap and disconnecting trap) is a device fitted in a domestic sewer pipe to prevent odours entering the pipe from the public sewer [2] and permeating the house, a common problem before individual plumbing fittings were separately trapped.
A trap primer (or trap seal primer) is a plumbing device or valve that adds water to traps.The water seals in traps are needed to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings, but because this water is exposed to the air, it is subject to evaporation over time in infrequently used floor drains, leading to the release of sewer gas into the environment.
Persistent luminescence involves energy traps (such as electron or hole traps) in a material, [4] which are filled during the excitation. Afterward, the stored energy is gradually released to light emitter centers, usually by a fluorescence-like mechanism.