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Colloid solutions used in intravenous therapy belong to a major group of volume expanders, and can be used for intravenous fluid replacement. Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, [ 50 ] and therefore, they should theoretically preferentially increase the intravascular volume , whereas other types of volume expanders ...
Above, we see a representation of fluid flow in the presence of colloids, with the left side representing surrounding tissues and the right representing whole blood. The presence of colloids can increase the flow towards the high concentration of colloids by creating colloid osmotic pressure in an otherwise state of equilibrium.
Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin; blood itself is a colloid. There is no evidence that colloids are better than crystalloids in those who have had trauma, burns, or surgery. Colloids are more expensive than crystalloids. As such, colloids are not recommended for volume expansion in these settings. [2]
The current understanding of soft matter grew from Albert Einstein's work on Brownian motion, [5] [6] understanding that a particle suspended in a fluid must have a similar thermal energy to the fluid itself (of order of kT). This work built on established research into systems that would now be considered colloids. [7]
Haemaccel (a registered trademark) is a type of intravenous colloid used in the prevention or treatment of shock associated with reduction in effective circulating blood volume due to hemorrhage, loss of plasma (burns, peritonitis, pancreatitis, crush injuries), or loss of water and electrolytes from persistent vomiting and diarrhea.
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The depletion force is an effect of increased osmotic pressure in the surrounding solution. When colloids get sufficiently close, that is when their excluded volumes overlap, depletants are expelled from the interparticle region. This region between colloids then becomes a phase of pure solvent. When this occurs, there is a higher depletant ...
Gelofusine is a 4% w/v solution of succinylated gelatine (also known as modified fluid gelatine) used as an intravenous colloid, and behaves much like blood filled with albumins. [2] As a result, it causes an increase in blood volume, blood flow, cardiac output , and oxygen transportation.