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Social discount rate (SDR) is the discount rate used in computing the value of funds spent on social projects. Discount rates are used to put a present value on costs and benefits that will occur at a later date.
In finance, discounting is a mechanism in which a debtor obtains the right to delay payments to a creditor, for a defined period of time, in exchange for a charge or fee. [1]
The annual effective discount rate expresses the amount of interest paid or earned as a percentage of the balance at the end of the annual period. It is related to but slightly smaller than the effective rate of interest, which expresses the amount of interest as a percentage of the balance at the start of the period.
Each cash inflow/outflow is discounted back to its present value (PV). Then all are summed such that NPV is the sum of all terms: = (+) where: t is the time of the cash flow; i is the discount rate, i.e. the return that could be earned per unit of time on an investment with similar risk
The concept of the stochastic discount factor (SDF) is used in financial economics and mathematical finance.The name derives from the price of an asset being computable by "discounting" the future cash flow ~ by the stochastic factor ~, and then taking the expectation. [1]
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).
It was established in 1913 by local industrialists and landowners, including by Witold Kukowski [], who became its CEO, principal shareholder and member of the supervisory board; Stefan Przanowski, who became its executive-chairman, principal shareholder and chairman of the supervisory board; and Emil Engwall, who became its principal shareholder, vice-chairman and its first capital investor.
Statue of David Hansemann (1790-1864), founder of the Disconto-Gesellschaft, in Aachen Limited partnership share of the Disconto-Gesellschaft, issued 28. March 1922. The Direktion der Disconto-Gesellschaft was established on 6 June 1851 at the initiative of David Hansemann, who had resigned two months later from his position as head of the Bank of Prussia.