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Ironic process theory (IPT), also known as the Pink elephant paradox [1] or White bear phenomenon, suggests that when an individual intentionally tries to avoid thinking a certain thought or feeling a certain emotion, a paradoxical effect is produced: the attempted avoidance not only fails in its object but in fact causes the thought or emotion to occur more frequently and more intensely. [2]
Ironic control theory, also known as "ironic process theory", states that thought suppression "leads to an increased occurrence of the suppressed content in waking states". [36] The irony lies in the fact that although people try not to think about a particular subject, there is a high probability that it will appear in one's dreams regardless.
But Anderson's new research challenges that idea, suggesting instead that suppressing negative thoughts may in fact improve symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Thought suppression has mainly been studied using arbitrary thoughts (such as that of a white bear [9]) making it unrepresentative of real problematic thoughts that involve emotion, which could actually be harder to suppress. Meanwhile, studies on thought stopping have proven it to be effective against problematic cognition, showing a ...
Laboratory-based thought suppression studies suggest avoidance is paradoxical, in that concerted attempts at suppression of a particular thought often leads to an increase of that thought. [ 15 ] Studies examining emotional suppression and pain suppression suggest that avoidance is ineffective in the long-run.
The participants were prompted through three modes of memory removal: replacement (instead of thinking of the apple picture, think about what you’ll eat for lunch today), clearing your mind (try ...
Emma Stone. Valerie MACON / AFP Emma Stone has long been open about her battle with anxiety. The actress began experiencing panic attacks when she was 7 and has used everything from therapy to ...
The counterfactual thoughts for silver medalists tend to focus on how close they are to the gold medal, displaying upward counterfactual thinking, whereas bronze medalists tend to counterfactually think about how they could have not received a medal at all, displaying downward counterfactual thinking.