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The title "pharaoh" is used for those rulers of Ancient Egypt who ruled after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Narmer during the Early Dynastic Period, approximately 3100 BCE. However, the specific title was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the New Kingdom 's 18th Dynasty , c. 1400 BCE.
Pharaoh (/ ˈ f ɛər oʊ /, US also / ˈ f eɪ. r oʊ /; [4] Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; [note 1] Coptic: ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ, romanized: Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה Parʿō) [5] was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. [6]
Nefertari, wife of Ramesses II Hatshepsut, wife of Thutmose II and later Pharaoh in her own right Ahmose–Nefertari, wife of Ahmose Ankhesenpepi II with her son Pepi II. The Pharaoh's wives played an important role both in public and private life, and would be a source of political and religious power. [1]
Statues of two pharaohs of Egypt's Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and several other Kushite kings, Kerma Museum [51] Around 727 BC the Kushite king Piye invaded northward, seizing control of Thebes and eventually the Delta, which established the 25th Dynasty. [52] During the 25th Dynasty, Pharaoh Taharqa created an empire nearly as large as the New ...
Menmaatre Seti I (or Sethos I in Greek) was the second pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the New Kingdom period, ruling c. 1294 or 1290 BC to 1279 BC. [4] [5] He was the son of Ramesses I and Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II.
Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. (see Roman Egypt , Roman pharaoh and List of Roman dynasties ) The 31 pre-Ptolemaic dynasties by the length of their rule (in 25-year bins), [ q ] each dynasty being a coloured box.
Merneptah (/ ˈ m ɛr n ɛ p t ɑː, m ər ˈ n ɛ p t ɑː / [2]) or Merenptah (reigned July or August 1213–2 May 1203 BCE) was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. According to contemporary historical records, he ruled Egypt for almost ten years, from late July or early August 1213 until his death on 2 May 1203. [3]
Akhenaten (pronounced / ˌ æ k ə ˈ n ɑː t ən / listen ⓘ), [8] also spelled Akhenaton [3] [9] [10] or Echnaton [11] (Ancient Egyptian: ꜣḫ-n-jtn ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy, pronounced [ˈʔuːχəʔ nə ˈjaːtəj] ⓘ, [12] [13] meaning 'Effective for the Aten'), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning c. 1353–1336 [3] or 1351–1334 BC, [4] the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty.