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The army was popular and prestigious as the guarantor of the Turkish state and of Turkish multiparty democracy (after its effective establishment following World War II). [1] Cemal Gürsel, leader of the successful 1960 coup. The army first exercised its reserve power in the 1960 Turkish coup d'état.
In early November 2017, Turkish authorities issued an arrest warrant for Henri J. Barkey , former Director of the Middle East Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, stating that he is an agent of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), that he was present in Istanbul during the 2016 Turkish coup attempt ...
The 1971 Turkish military memorandum (Turkish: 12 Mart Muhtırası), issued on 12 March that year, was the second military intervention to take place in the Republic of Turkey, coming 11 years after its 1960 predecessor. It is known as the "coup by memorandum", which the military delivered in lieu of sending out tanks, as it had done previously.
Tanks moving on the streets of Sincan. The 1997 military memorandum (Turkish: 28 Şubat, "28 February"; also called postmodern darbe, "post-modern coup") in Turkey refers to a memorandum, in which decisions issued by the Turkish military leadership on a National Security Council meeting on 28 February 1997 resulted in the resignation of Islamist prime minister Necmettin Erbakan of the Welfare ...
The 1960 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: 27 Mayıs Darbesi), also known as the 27th May Revolution (Turkish: 27 Mayıs İhtilali or 27 Mayıs Devrimi), was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on May 27, 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 [1] young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of ...
Indeed, on 22 April İnönü managed to persuade the Turkish Grand National Assembly to pass an amnesty law that allowed them to return to the ranks. [24] There was a political cost - in return for agreeing to amnesty the coup officers, the Justice Party demanded the early release of Democrat Party prisoners held in Kayseri prison since the ...
The 1963 Turkish coup attempt (Turkish: 20 Mayıs 1963 ayaklanması) was a failed coup d'état in Turkey by a group of dissident military officers, led by Colonel Talat Aydemir, former Commandant of the Turkish Military Academy, along with his chief associate Major Fethi Gurcan.
According to some sources, there was a coup d'état in 1993 in Turkey, allegedly organised and carried out by elements of the Turkish military through covert means. Although the early 1990s were a period of great violence in Turkey due to the Kurdish-Turkish conflict, 1993 saw a series of suspicious deaths: of President Turgut Özal, leading military figures, and journalists.