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  2. United States contract law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_contract_law

    The majority rule, however, is that different terms do not become part of the contract; rather, both of the conflicting terms—from both parties—are removed from the contract. This is known as the knockout rule. Any "gaps" resulting from the removal of these terms are "filled" by Article 2's "gap-fillers."

  3. Conditioned place preference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditioned_place_preference

    However, if the animal is given the drug and then the experimenter implements a sufficient delay so that the animal is experiencing the negative aftereffects of the drug, conditioned place aversion is more likely to occur. [1] The timing of these events can be manipulated by the experimenter in order to condition place preference or avoidance. [1]

  4. Unintended consequences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unintended_consequences

    An erosion gully in Australia caused by rabbits, an unintended consequence of their introduction as game animals. In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences, more colloquially called knock-on effects) are outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen.

  5. Three Rs (animal research) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Rs_(animal_research)

    In 1954, the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) decided to sponsor systematic research on the progress of humane techniques in the laboratory. [2] In October of that year, William Russell, described as a brilliant young zoologist who happened to be also a psychologist and a classical scholar, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist, were appointed to inaugurate a systematic study of ...

  6. Mercy rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercy_rule

    At the middle- or high-school level, 34 states use a mercy rule that may involve a "continuous clock" (the clock continues to operate on most plays when the clock would normally stop, such as an incomplete pass) once a team has a certain lead (for example, 35 points) during the second half (Louisiana adopted a rule in 2022 which states the running clock is invoked when the margin reaches 42 ...

  7. Knockout mouse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_mouse

    A knockout mouse (left) that is a model for obesity, compared with a normal mouse. There are several thousand different strains of knockout mice. [3] Many mouse models are named after the gene that has been inactivated.

  8. Animal cognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_cognition

    The use of rules has sometimes been considered an ability restricted to humans, but a number of experiments have shown evidence of simple rule learning in primates [53] and also in other animals. Much of the evidence has come from studies of sequence learning in which the "rule" consists of the order in which a series of events occurs.

  9. Rule consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_consciousness

    The rule consciousness as one of the primary factors of personality out of sixteen as categorized by Raymond Cattell, 1946 as low and high level. [1] The descriptors of low level rule consciousness are expedient, nonconforming, disregards rules, self-indulgent or having a low super ego strength while the high level consciousness are rule-conscious, dutiful, conscientious, conforming ...