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Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
As an abjad, the Urdu script only shows consonants and long vowels; short vowels can only be inferred by the consonants' relation to each other. While this type of script is convenient in Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew, whose consonant roots are the key of the sentence, Urdu is an Indo-European language, which requires more precision ...
Shahmukhi script is a modified version of the Arabic script's Persian alphabet. It is identical to the Urdu alphabet , but contains additional letters representing the Punjabi phonology . For writing Saraiki , an extended Shahmukhi is used that includes 4 additional letters for the implosive consonants ( ٻ, ڄ, ݙ, ڳ ).
This earned him the title of the 'Father of Balochi'. His guidelines are widely used in Eastern and Western Balochistan. In Afghanistan, Balochi is still written in a modified Arabic script based on Persian. [citation needed] In 2002, a conference was held to help standardize the script that would be used for Balochi. [37]
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
Lahnda means "western" in Punjabi. It was coined by William St. Clair Tisdall (in the form Lahindā) probably around 1890 and later adopted by a number of linguists — notably George Abraham Grierson — for a dialect group that had no general local name. [10]: 883 This term has currency only among linguists. [5]
Roman Urdu is the name used for the Urdu language written with the Latin script, also known as Roman script. According to the Urdu scholar Habib R. Sulemani: "Roman Urdu is strongly opposed by the traditional Arabic script lovers. Despite this opposition it is still used by most on the internet and computers due to limitations of most ...
It contains only Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts and Revelation. This was produced in literary Urdu by Islamic scholars. It includes the original Greek text of Codex Sinaiticus in the older uncial script, an Urdu word-for-word interlinear translation and an idiomatic translation. There are also some notes and commentary.