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Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the Papaver somniferum plant (opium poppy). The psychoactive compounds found in the opium plant include morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Opiates have long been used for a variety of medical conditions with evidence of opiate trade and use for pain relief as early as the eighth century AD.
Mild stimulant and vasoconstrictor plants that contain mainly caffeine and theobromine: Coffee; Tea (also contains theanine) Guarana; Yerba Mate; Cocoa; Kola; Anadenanthera colubrina produces beans used for cebil Areca palms in Ponda, India. Other plants: Mimosa hostilis: DMT; Chacruna: DMT, NMT; Cebil and Yopo: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin ...
Flavonoids (contained in many medicinal plants) [5] Vitamin P, citrin Flavonoids, bioflavonoids Hemolytic anemia, kidney damage [5] Germander: Teucrium: Liver damage [3] [5] Ginger: Zingiber officinale: May increase the risk of bleeding [16] Ginkgo: gingko Ginkgo biloba: Bleeding [15] [16] American Ginseng
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The plant grows to well over 1 metre (3 ft) in height, [1] on hollow square stems which tend to break or trail on the ground, with the plant rooting quite readily at the nodes and internodes. [ 34 ] The flowers, which bloom only rarely, grow in whorls on a 30-centimetre (12 in) inflorescence , with about six flowers to each whorl.
The peyote (/ p eɪ ˈ oʊ t i /; Lophophora williamsii / l ə ˈ f ɒ f ə r ə w ɪ l i ˈ æ m z i aɪ /) is a small, spineless cactus which contains psychoactive alkaloids, [2] particularly mescaline (see also: cactus alkaloids). [3]
The relative content of kavalactones depends not only on plant segment but also on the kava plant variety, plant maturity, geographic location, and time of harvest. [9] The kavalactones present are kavain , desmethoxyyangonin , and yangonin , which are higher in the roots than in the stems and leaves, with dihydrokavain , methysticin , and ...
Amanita muscaria and related species are known as effective bioaccumulators of vanadium; some species concentrate vanadium to levels of up to 400 times those typically found in plants. [82] Vanadium is present in fruit-bodies as an organometallic compound called amavadine. [82] The biological importance of the accumulation process is unknown. [83]