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In some cases, a permutation test based on a properly studentized statistic can be asymptotically exact even when the exchangeability assumption is violated. [8] Bootstrap-based tests can test with the null hypothesis H 0 : F ≠ G {\displaystyle H_{0}:F\neq G} and, therefore, are suited for performing equivalence testing .
"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" is a seminal paper written by Alan Turing on the topic of artificial intelligence.The paper, published in 1950 in Mind, was the first to introduce his concept of what is now known as the Turing test to the general public.
In New Zealand, Year 8 is the eighth year of compulsory education, and the last of primary education. Children entering Year 8 are generally aged between 11.5 and 13. [2] Year 8 pupils are educated in full primary schools or intermediate schools, and in some areas area schools or combined intermediate and secondary schools. [3]