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  2. Needle ice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_ice

    Needle ice phenomena play a particularly significant role in patterned ground in periglacial environments. [8] The growth of needle ice lifts a detached, frozen soil crust riding on top of the layer of ice. When the crust and the ice melt, the soil surface settles back irregularly. This phenomenon is linked to erosion, particularly on ...

  3. Frost heaving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_heaving

    This effect allows water to percolate through the soil towards the ice lens, allowing the lens to grow. Another water-transport effect is the preservation of a few molecular layers of liquid water on the surface of the ice lens, and between ice and soil particles. Faraday reported in 1860 on the unfrozen layer of premelted water. [14] Ice ...

  4. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    Any natural process by which material such as soil and rocks is added to a landform or landmass, e.g. by the action of wind, water, ice, or gravity in transporting previously weathered surface material, which comes to rest when sufficient kinetic energy is lost and accumulates in layers of sediment.

  5. Soil erosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_erosion

    Soil containing high levels of organic materials are often more resistant to erosion, because the organic materials coagulate soil colloids and create a stronger, more stable soil structure. [45] The amount of water present in the soil before the precipitation also plays an important role, because it sets limits on the amount of water that can ...

  6. Glossary of geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geology

    The displacement of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) usually by the agents of currents such as wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of bioerosion). erratic A piece of rock that deviates from the size and type of rock native to the area in which it rests.

  7. Frost flower - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_flower

    Types of frost flowers include needle ice, frost pillars, or frost columns, extruded from pores in the soil, and ice ribbons, rabbit frost, or rabbit ice, extruded from linear fissures in plant stems. [1] The term "ice flower" is also used as synonym for ice ribbons, but it may be used to describe the unrelated phenomenon of window frost as well.

  8. Ice segregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_segregation

    Ice lenses are responsible for palsa (picture) growth. The basic condition for ice segregation and frost heaving is existence of a region in soil or porous rock which is relatively permeable, is in a temperature range which allows the coexistence of ice and water (in a premelted state), and has a temperature gradient across the region. [7]

  9. List of words having different meanings in American and ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_words_having...

    ice pop: a water-based frozen snack served in a plastic sleeve (US: freeze pop, freezer pop, Icee) [74] a water-based frozen snack on a stick (UK: ice lolly) [74] Indian corn Zea mays (historical or technical; usually, UK maize or sweetcorn, US corn, q.v.) A particular variety of maize/corn, with multicolored kernels, used for decorations indicator