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Constantinople [a] (see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul.
The city was founded as Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) by Megarian colonists in 657 BCE. [1] It was renamed by Constantine the Great first as "New Rome" (Nova Roma) during the official dedication of the city as the new Roman capital in 330 CE, [1] which he soon afterwards changed to Constantinople (Constantinopolis).
Constantine the Great moved his capital to Byzantium and renamed the city Constantinople, city of Constantine. 332: Constantine the Great campaigned against the Goths. 334: Constantine the Great campaigned against the Sarmatians. 337: Roman–Persian Wars: The Sasanian shah Shapur II invaded Armenia and Mesopotamia. 22 May: Constantine the ...
In the city, to which the emperor gave the municipal structure of Rome, was established the Senate, henceforth here was one of the consuls. An impressive flow of Egyptian grain, previously used for the needs of the population of Rome, was diverted to Constantinople. [5] [7] [8]
During the Second Bulgarian Empire, 14th-century literary compositions portrayed the then capital of Tarnovo, now Veliko Tarnovo, as successor of both Rome and Constantinople. [24] Bulgarian contemporaries called the city "Tsarevgrad Tarnov", the Imperial city of Tarnovo, echoing the Bulgarian name then used for Constantinople, Tsarigrad. [25]
The Council justified this decision on the grounds that "the Fathers rightly granted privileges to the throne of old Rome, because it was the royal city", and that the First Council of Constantinople, "actuated by the same consideration, gave equal privileges to the most holy throne of New Rome, justly judging that the city which is honoured ...
The Third Canon of the First Council of Constantinople (381) refers to the city as New Rome. [15] The term "New Rome" lent itself to East-West polemics, especially in the context of the Great Schism, when it was used by Greek writers to stress the rivalry with (the original) Rome.
From 324 to 336, the city was thoroughly rebuilt and inaugurated on 11 May 330 under the name of "New Rome" or "Second Rome". Eventually, the city would most commonly be referred to as Constantinople, the "City of Constantine", in dedication to its founder. [9]