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Description : This image shows a line drawing that compares the activity of non-integrating plasmids, on the top, with episomes, on the bottom, during cell division. The upper half of the image shows a bacterium with its chromosomal DNA and plasmids dividing into two identical bacteria, each with their chromosomal DNA and plasmids.
Description : This image shows a line drawing of a bacterium with its chromosomal DNA and several plasmids within it. The bacterium is drawn as a large oval. Within the bacterium, small to medium size circles illustrate the plasmids, and one long thin closed line that intersects itself repeatedly illustrates the chromosomal DNA.
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Cell_Cycle_2.svg licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0-migrated-with-disclaimers, GFDL-en, GFDL-user-en-with-disclaimers 2010-07-18T12:54:06Z Emw 482x502 (41016 Bytes) Enlarged letters, cell for greater legibility when picture is rendered at 250px or less.
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Cell_Cycle_2.png licensed with ... Cytokinesis forms rapidly in the process of the cell cycle.}} |Source ...
English: A reworked version of File:Biological_cell.svg. Diagram of a typical animal cell. Organelles are labelled as follows: Nucleolus; Nucleus; Ribosomes (dots on rough reticulum walls) Vesicle; Rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus (or "Golgi body") Cytoskeleton; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum; Mitochondrion; Vacuole; Cytosol; Lysosome ...
The term plasmid was coined in 1952 by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg to refer to "any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant." [14] [15] The term's early usage included any bacterial genetic material that exists extrachromosomally for at least part of its replication cycle, but because that description includes bacterial viruses, the notion of plasmid was refined over time ...
Within the cell cycle, there is a stringent set of regulations known as the cell cycle control system that controls the timing and coordination of the phases to ensure a correct order of events. Biochemical triggers known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) switch on cell cycles events at the corrected time and in the correct order to prevent ...