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Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants also known as lycopsids, [1] lycopods, or lycophytes. Members of the class are also called clubmosses , firmosses , spikemosses and quillworts . They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the ...
The most common fossil specimens of Lepidodendrales, as well as the most recognizable, are the compressions of stem surfaces marked with constant, though partially asymmetric, rhomboidal leaf cushions. These fossils look much like tire tracks or alligator skin, lending the Greek name "Lepidodendrales," meaning "scale trees." These leaf cushions ...
Lepidodendron is an extinct genus of primitive lycopodian vascular plants belonging the order Lepidodendrales.It is well preserved and common in the fossil record. Like other Lepidodendrales, species of Lepidodendron grew as large-tree-like plants in wetland coal forest environments.
Stigmaria is a form taxon for common fossils found in Carboniferous rocks. [1] They represent the underground rooting structures of arborescent lycophytes such as Sigillaria and Lepidodendron under the order Lepidodendrales .
The consensus classification produced by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification in 2016 (PPG I) places all extant (living) lycophytes in the class Lycopodiopsida. [11] There are around 1,290 to 1,340 such species. [12] [13] [11] For more information on the classification of extant lycophytes, see Lycopodiopsida § Classification.
Leclercqia is a genus of early ligulate lycopsids (clubmosses), known as fossils from the Middle Devonian of Australia, North America, Germany, and Belgium. [1] It has been placed in the Protolepidodendrales. [2]
Protolepidodendropsis is a genus of lycopsid known from fossil forests dating from early Late Devonian strata in Svalbard. [1] Fossil forests of Protolepidodendropsis pulchra have been recovered from sandstone and mudstone of the Plantekløfta Formation, estimated to be around 380 million years old. The plants have trunks of up to 10 cm (4 in ...
The following families have, at various times, been segregated within the Drepanophycales. However, Kenrick and Crane (1997) in their cladistic study place Asteroxylon in the clade Drepanophycaceae. [2]