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Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, [5] is a basidiomycete of the genus Amanita. It is a large white- gilled , white-spotted, and usually red mushroom. Despite its easily distinguishable features, A. muscaria is a fungus with several known variations, or subspecies .
The genus Amanita was first published with its current meaning by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797. [1] Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Persoon's concept of Amanita, with Amanita muscaria (L.) Pers. as the type species, has been officially conserved against the older Amanita Boehm (1760), which is considered a synonym of Agaricus L. [2]
Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these mushrooms, are thermostable: they resist changes due to heat, so their toxic effects are not reduced by cooking. Amanita phalloides is the most poisonous of all known mushrooms. [6] [7] [8] It is estimated that as little as half a mushroom contains enough toxin to kill an adult human. [9]
All Amanita species form ectomycorrhizal relationships with the roots of certain trees. Thus, destroying angels grow in or near the edges of woodlands. They can also be found on lawns or grassy meadows near trees or shrubs. Several species called destroying angel are found all over the world. [3] Amanita bisporigera is associated with oaks and ...
Amanita virosa is highly toxic, and has been responsible for severe mushroom poisonings. [7] Eating just one cap of A. virosa is enough to kill an adult human. [7] The symptoms of poisoning generally come several hours after consumption, a delay which may make treatment more difficult. Fruit bodies contain both amatoxins and phallotoxins.
The following is a list of species of the agaric genus Amanita.This genus contains over 500 named species and varieties and follows the classification of subgenera and sections of Amanita outline by Corner and Bas; Bas, [1] [2] as used by Tulloss (2007) and modified by Redhead & al. (2016) [3] for Amanita subgenus Amanitina and Singer for Amanita section Roanokenses.
The family, also commonly called the amanita family [citation needed], is in order Agaricales, the gilled mushrooms. The family consists primarily of the large genus Amanita, but also includes the smaller genera Catatrama, Limacella, Limacellopsis, Saproamanita, and Zhuliangomyces. The species are usually found in woodlands.
Amanita ovoidea is a symbiotic fungus, forming mycorrhizal associations with pine trees, as well as evergreen and deciduous oaks. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It is found in coniferous forests , deciduous forests , coastal regions, mountains, roadsides and grassy areas, [ 6 ] [ 8 ] growing on limy, sandy and alkaline soils. [ 9 ]