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Treatment strategies should focus on identifying and correcting the root causes, where possible, resolving nutritional deficiencies, and administering antibiotics. This is especially important for patients with indigestion and malabsorption. [4] Although whether antibiotics should be a first line treatment is a matter of debate.
It is caused by an incomplete obstruction of the small intestine and especially of the ileocecal valve, e.g. in Crohn's disease, or in rare cases of cancer of the small intestine. It is named after the German surgeon, Franz König (1832–1910), and should not be confused with König's disease, also named after him.
The ileocecal valve is typically located on the last fold before entry into the cecum and can be located from the direction of curvature of the appendiceal orifice, in what is known as the bow and arrow sign. [4] Intubation of the ileocecal valve is typically performed in colonoscopy to evaluate the distal, or lowest, part of the ileum.
A lower gastrointestinal bleed is defined as bleeding originating distal to the ileocecal valve, which includes the colon, rectum, and anus. [2] LGIB was previously defined as any bleed that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz, which included the aforementioned parts of the intestine and also included the last 1/4 of the duodenum and the entire area of the jejunum and ileum. [1]
When the ileocecal valve is competent, colonic obstruction may manifest as gaseous distention of the colon, but not the small intestine; when the ileocecal valve is incompetent, it does not prevent retrograde passage of air and stool and a colonic obstruction will cause dilation of both large and small bowel.
Intussusception is an emergency requiring rapid treatment. [1] Treatment in children is typically by an enema with surgery used if this is not successful. [1] Dexamethasone may decrease the risk of another episode. [2] In adults, surgical removal of part of the bowel is more often required. [1] Intussusception occurs more commonly in children ...
The ileocecal fold (or ileocaecal fold) is an anatomical structure of the human abdomen formed by a layer of peritoneum between the ileum and cecum.The upper border of the ileocecal fold is fixed to the ileum opposite its mesenteric attachment, and the lower border passes over the ileocecal junction to join the mesentery of the appendix (and sometimes the appendix itself as well).
Gallstones can get trapped in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly at the connection between the small and large intestines (ileocecal valve). When a gallstone gets trapped, it can lead to an intestinal obstruction, called gallstone ileus, leading to abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal distension. [13]