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Brazilian ethanol fuel production in 2011 was 21.1 billion liters (5.6 billion U.S. liquid gallons), down from 26.2 billion liters (6.9 billion gallons) in 2010, [81] while in 2012 the production of ethanol was 26% lower than in 2008. By 2012 a total of 41 ethanol plants out of about 400 have closed and the sugar-cane crop yields dropped from ...
The Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Portuguese: Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis – ANP) [1] is the federal government agency linked to the Ministry of Mines and Energy responsible for the regulation of the oil sector in Brazil. [2] It was created in 1997 by law 9478.
Brazilian cerrado Amazon rainforest. The indirect land use change impacts of biofuels, also known as ILUC or iLUC (pronounced as i-luck), relates to the unintended consequence of releasing more carbon emissions due to land-use changes around the world induced by the expansion of croplands for ethanol or biodiesel production in response to the increased global demand for biofuels.
Due to its ethanol fuel production, Brazil has sometimes been described as a bio-energy superpower. [54] Ethanol fuel is produced from sugar cane. Brazil has the largest sugar cane crop in the world, and is the largest exporter of ethanol in the world. With the 1973 oil crisis, the Brazilian government initiated in 1975 the Pró-Álcool program.
Brazil is considered the biofuel industry leader and the world's first sustainable biofuels economy. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] In 2010 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designated Brazilian sugarcane ethanol as an advanced biofuel due to EPA's estimated 61% reduction of total life cycle greenhouse gas emissions , including direct indirect ...
For example, Brazil charges an 18% tariff on U.S. ethanol, while the U.S. allows Brazilian ethanol in largely duty free, according to the American Biofuels Association.
Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide, particularly in Brazil. Alcohol fuels are produced by fermentation of sugars derived from wheat, corn, sugar beets, sugar cane, molasses and any sugar or starch from which alcoholic beverages such as whiskey, can be made (such as potato and fruit waste, etc.).
"America's ethanol program is a product of government subsidies. There are more than 200 different kinds, as well as a 54 cents-a-gallon tariff on imported ethanol. This prices Brazilian ethanol out of an otherwise competitive market. Brazil makes ethanol from sugarcane rather than corn (maize), which has a better EROEI. Federal subsidies alone ...