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The hull form and sail plan for the clipper ships, for example, evolved from experience, not from theory. It was not until the advent of steam power and the construction of large iron ships in the mid-19th century that it became clear to ship owners and builders that a more rigorous approach was needed.
For example, passenger ferry of a given size would require substantially more work to build than a bulk carrier of the same size due to the differing design requirements, internal structure, and required level of detail, but simply comparing the gross tonnage or deadweight of each ship would incorrectly show that they took the same amount of ...
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.
From the equation it is shown that for a flow with a large Reynolds Number there will be a correspondingly small convective boundary layer compared to the vessel’s characteristic length. [5] By knowing the Reynolds and Womersley numbers for a given flow it is possible to calculate both the transient and the convective boundary layer ...
V, the ship's total volume in cubic metres (m 3), and; K, a multiplier based on the ship volume. The value of the multiplier K increases logarithmically with the ship's total volume (in cubic metres) and is applied as an amplification factor in determining the gross tonnage value. K is calculated with a formula which uses the common or base-10 ...
Hull speed can be calculated by the following formula: where is the length of the waterline in feet, and is the hull speed of the vessel in knots. If the length of waterline is given in metres and desired hull speed in knots, the coefficient is 2.43 kn·m −½.
The strength of ships is a topic of key interest to naval architects and shipbuilders. Ships which are built too strong are heavy, slow, and cost extra money to build and operate since they weigh more, whilst ships which are built too weakly suffer from minor hull damage and in some extreme cases catastrophic failure and sinking.
Lightweight displacement – LWD – The weight or mass of the ship excluding cargo, fuel, ballast, stores, passengers, and crew, but with water in the boilers to steaming level. Loadline displacement – The weight or mass of the ship loaded to the load line or plimsoll mark. Deadweight tonnage (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can ...