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  2. Pearlite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearlite

    Eutectoid steel can in principle be transformed completely into pearlite; hypoeutectoid steels can also be completely pearlitic if transformed at a temperature below the normal eutectoid. [6] [7] Pearlite can be hard and strong but is not particularly tough. It can be wear-resistant because of a strong lamellar network of ferrite and cementite.

  3. Allotropes of iron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_iron

    Mild steel (carbon steel with up to about 0.2 wt% C) consists mostly of α-Fe and increasing amounts of cementite (Fe 3 C, an iron carbide). The mixture adopts a lamellar structure called pearlite . Since bainite and pearlite each contain α-Fe as a component, any iron-carbon alloy will contain some amount of α-Fe if it is allowed to reach ...

  4. Acicular ferrite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acicular_ferrite

    This microstructure is advantageous over other microstructures for steel because of its chaotic ordering, which increases toughness. [1] Acicular ferrite is formed in the interior of the original austenitic grains by direct nucleation on the inclusions, resulting in randomly oriented short ferrite needles with a 'basket weave' appearance ...

  5. Cementite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementite

    In carbon steel, cementite precipitates from austenite as austenite transforms to ferrite on slow cooling, or from martensite during tempering. An intimate mixture with ferrite, the other product of austenite, forms a lamellar structure called pearlite. The iron-carbon phase diagram

  6. Austenite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenite

    Pearlite, a lamellar structure consisting of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite, forms through cooperative nucleation and growth processes from austenite. The thickness of these layers has a direct impact on the mechanical properties of the steel. [10]

  7. Heat treating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treating

    For instance, steel that has been heated above the austenizing temperature (red to orange-hot, or around 1,500 °F (820 °C) to 1,600 °F (870 °C) depending on carbon content), and then cooled slowly, forms a laminated structure composed of alternating layers of ferrite and cementite, becoming soft pearlite. [5] After heating the steel to the ...

  8. Isothermal transformation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_transformation...

    As a result of the transformation, the microconstituents, pearlite and bainite, form; pearlite forms at higher temperatures and bainite at lower. TTT diagram of isothermal transformations of a hypoeutectoid carbon steel; showing the main components obtained when cooling the steel and its relation with the Fe-C phase diagram of carbon steels.

  9. High-strength low-alloy steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-strength_low-alloy_steel

    HSLA steel cross-sections and structures are usually 20 to 30% lighter than a carbon steel with the same strength. [3] [4] HSLA steels are also more resistant to rust than most carbon steels because of their lack of pearlite – the fine layers of ferrite (almost pure iron) and cementite in pearlite. [5]