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  2. Hanlon's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon's_razor

    Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity. It is a philosophical razor that suggests a way of eliminating unlikely explanations for human behavior. It is probably named after a Robert J. Hanlon, [ 2 ] who submitted the statement to Murphy's Law Book Two: More Reasons Why Things Go Wrong!

  3. Philosophical razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_razor

    In philosophy, a razor is a principle or rule of thumb that allows one to eliminate (shave off) unlikely explanations for a phenomenon, or avoid unnecessary actions. [ 1 ] Examples

  4. Teletransportation paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletransportation_paradox

    The Polish science-fiction writer Stanisław Lem described the same problem in the mid-twentieth century. He put it in writing in his philosophical text Dialogs in 1957. . Similarly, in Lem's Star Diaries ("Fourteenth Voyage") of 1957, the hero visits a planet and finds himself recreated from a backup record, after his death from a meteorite strike, which on this planet is a very commonplace proc

  5. Occam's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor

    In penal theory and the philosophy of punishment, parsimony refers specifically to taking care in the distribution of punishment in order to avoid excessive punishment. In the utilitarian approach to the philosophy of punishment, Jeremy Bentham 's "parsimony principle" states that any punishment greater than is required to achieve its end is ...

  6. Resistentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistentialism

    Resistentialism is a jocular theory to describe "seemingly spiteful behavior manifested by inanimate objects", [1] where objects that cause problems (like lost keys, a malfunctioning printer, or a runaway bouncy ball) are said to exhibit a high degree of malice toward humans. The theory posits a war being fought between humans and inanimate ...

  7. Maurice Cranston - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Cranston

    The philosophical section was the least successful; and Cranston never again attempted pure philosophy. His main academic strengths were as a biographer and as an intellectual historian. [ 6 ] In a controversial paper, Cranston argued that the scarcity of welfare goods and services meant that supposed welfare rights are not really rights at all.

  8. Master–slave morality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master–slave_morality

    [3] In master morality, people define the good based on whether it benefits them and their pursuit of self-defined personal excellence. [ 4 ] : loc 1134, loc 1545 Insofar as something is helpful to the strong-willed man, it is like what he values in himself; therefore, the strong-willed man values such things as good because they aid him in a ...

  9. Reality tunnel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_tunnel

    Reality tunnel is a theory that, with a subconscious set of mental filters formed from beliefs and experiences, every individual interprets the same world differently, hence "Truth is in the eye of the beholder".