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The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
A route of the Spanish expeditions in the Philippines. In 1564, López de Legazpi was commissioned by the viceroy, Luís de Velasco , to lead an expedition in the Pacific Ocean, to find the Spice Islands where the earlier explorers Ferdinand Magellan and Ruy López de Villalobos had landed in 1521 and 1543, respectively.
The treaty effectively created Spanish suzerainty over Cebu and started the Spanish colonization of the Philippines until 1898. Legazpi had sailed from Mexico on November 20, 1564 with a fleet of four ships: San Pedro (the flagship), San Pablo, San Juan de Letran and San Lucas and a force of several hundred conquistadors.
In reality its task was to conquer the Philippine islands. [42] On November 19 or 20, 1564, a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by Miguel López de Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad, New Spain, arriving at Cebu on February 13, 1565. [43] It was this expedition that established the first Spanish settlements.
Datu Sikatuna (or Catunao) was a Datu or chieftain of Bo-ol in the island of Bohol in the Philippines. He made a blood compact and alliance with the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi on March 25, 1565 at Hinawanan Bay, barangay Hinawanan, Loay. [1] Their blood compact is the first Treaty of Friendship between Spain and the Philippines. [2]
Reception of the Manila galleon by the Chamorro in the Ladrones Islands, Boxer Codex (c. 1590). With the Portuguese guarding access to the Indian Ocean around the Cape, a monopoly supported by papal bulls and the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spanish contact with the Far East waited until the success of the 1519–1522 Magellan–Elcano expedition that found a Southwest Passage around South America ...
The conquest of Ternate had been a goal for the Spanish since Sultan Babullah expelled the Portuguese from the island in 1575 and the Iberian Union between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal had been formed in 1580. [7] The campaign was conceived in 1601 by Pedro Bravo de Acuña, newly-appointed governor of the Philippines, while in New Spain.
The history of the Philippines dates from the earliest hominin activity in the archipelago at least by 709,000 years ago. [1] Homo luzonensis, a species of archaic humans, was present on the island of Luzon [2] [3] at least by 134,000 years ago. [4] The earliest known anatomically modern human was from Tabon Caves in Palawan dating about 47,000 ...