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The Directive introduced a new level of transparency to help progress towards eventually replacing animal use in science and was instrumental in accelerating the concrete application of the 3Rs and the establishment of institutions and centres dedicated to dissemination, education and research based on the Principles across Europe.
It was established in 2004 after the publication of a 2002 House of Lords select committee report on Animals In Scientific Procedures [3] [4] As of 2021, the chief executive of NC3Rs is Dr Vicky Robinson, [5] who was appointed CBE in the 2015 Birthday Honours "For services to Science and Animal Welfare". [6]
Reduce, reuse, recycle. These “three Rs” of sustainability are often associated with Earth Day, celebrated annually on April 22. When they debuted, they referred to simple actions that ...
A common concept in Recycling is the 3Rs, which represent Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. According to The Upcycle Artist's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Creating Art from Waste published by Upcycle Art And Craft Society (UAACS). [8] They coined a 3Rs principle for upcycling: Rethink, Reform, and Reborn.
The three Rs, the waste management hierarchy: reduce, reuse, and recycle; The three Rs, consumer remedies under Australian Consumer Law when consumer guarantees of goods are not satisfied: refund, replace, and repair; The three Rs (animal research), principles for ethical use of animals in testing: replacement, reduction, refinement
Rather than remaining segmented from fashion at large, relegated to novelty or niche, the following brands (and many more) show why upcycling and reuse can, and should, be the new normal.
Downcycling is the reuse of materials into lesser products. For example, a plastic computer case could be downcycled into a plastic cup, which then becomes a park bench, etc.; this eventually leads to plastic waste. In conventional understanding, this is no different from recycling that produces a supply of the same product or material.
For example, in the US, in-use copper grew from 73 to 238 kg per capita between 1932–1999. The report's authors observed that, as metals are inherently recyclable, metal stocks in society can serve as huge above-ground mines (the term "urban mining" has thus been coined [77]). However, they found that the recycling rates of many metals are low.