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Before the bus boycott, Jim Crow laws mandated the racial segregation of the Montgomery Bus Line. As a result of this segregation, African Americans were not hired as drivers, were forced to ride in the back of the bus, and were frequently ordered to surrender their seats to white people even though black passengers made up 75% of the bus system's riders. [2]
Georgia Teresa Gilmore (February 5, 1920 – March 7, 1990) was an African-American woman from Montgomery, Alabama, who participated in the Montgomery bus boycott through her fund-raising organization, the Club from Nowhere, which sold food at Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) mass meetings. [1]
Claudette Colvin, arrested in March 1955, nine months before Parks' arrest, for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman on a crowded, segregated Montgomery bus. Cleveland Court Apartments 620–638, home of Rosa and Raymond Parks, and her mother, Leona McCauley, during the Montgomery bus boycott from 1955 to 1956.
The American activist is most recognized for her pivotal role in the civil rights movement, specifically the Montgomery bus boycott. This year, a public transit system is honoring her during Black ...
Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a public bus on December 1, 1955. After calling her mother from jail, her mom contacted E.D. Nixon, president of the NAACP and secretary of the new Montgomery Improvement Association, who was able to have Clifford Durr (a white lawyer who, with his wife, Virginia Durr, was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement) pay the fine to ...
Bus driver defied by Rosa Parks after he ordered her to give up her seat – eventually leading to the Montgomery bus boycott James Frederick Blake (April 14, 1912 – March 21, 2002) was an American bus driver in Montgomery, Alabama , whom Rosa Parks defied in 1955, prompting the Montgomery bus boycott .
Mary Louise Ware (née Smith; born 1937) is an African-American civil rights activist.She was arrested in October 1955 at the age of 18 in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat on the segregated bus system.
A boycott desegregated buses in Montgomery, Ala. On June 22, 1954, a bus driver in Columbia, S.C., punched Sarah Mae Flemming for sitting in the white section of his bus before she was forcibly ...