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Single-layer graphene was first unambiguously produced and identified in 2004, by the group of Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, though they credit Hanns-Peter Boehm and his co-workers for the experimental discovery of graphene in 1962; while it had been explored theoretically by P. R. Wallace in 1947.
Graphene analogs [332] (also referred to as "artificial graphene") are two-dimensional systems which exhibit similar properties to graphene. Graphene analogs have been studied intensively since the discovery of graphene in 2004. People try to develop systems in which the physics is easier to observe and manipulate than in graphene.
Graphene is an atomic-scale honeycomb lattice made of carbon atoms. Geim's achievements include the discovery of a simple method for isolating single atomic layers of graphite, known as graphene, in collaboration with researchers at the University of Manchester [36] and IMT. The team published their findings in October 2004 in Science.
In 2015 a coiled form of graphene was discovered in graphitic carbon (coal). The spiraling effect is produced by defects in the material's hexagonal grid that causes it to spiral along its edge, mimicking a Riemann surface, with the graphene surface approximately perpendicular to the axis. When voltage is applied to such a coil, current flows ...
2004 – Exceptional properties of graphene discovered; 2007 – Giant magnetoresistance recognized (Nobel prize, Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg) 2008 – First artificial production of antimatter , by the LLNL
In 2014, researchers at the University of Western Australia discovered nano sized fragments of graphene can speed up the rate of chemical reactions. [165] In 2015, researchers announced an atomic scale catalyst made of graphene doped with nitrogen and augmented with small amounts of cobalt whose onset voltage was comparable to platinum catalysts.
Exfoliation is a process that separates layered materials into nanomaterials by breaking the bonds between layers using mechanical, chemical, or thermal procedures.. While exfoliation has historical roots dating back centuries, significant advances and widespread research gained momentum after Novoselov and Geim's discovery of graphene using Scotch tape in 2004.
2008 International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Young Scientist Prize, "for his contribution in the discovery of graphene and for pioneering studies of its extraordinary properties." [37] 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Andre Geim, "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the material graphene."