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  2. List of vacuum-tube computers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vacuum-tube_computers

    Vacuum-tube computers, now called first-generation computers, [1] are programmable digital computers using vacuum-tube logic circuitry. They were preceded by systems using electromechanical relays and followed by systems built from discrete transistors. Some later computers on the list had both vacuum tubes and transistors.

  3. Vacuum-tube computer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum-tube_computer

    A vacuum-tube computer, now termed a first-generation computer, is a computer that uses vacuum tubes for logic circuitry. While the history of mechanical aids to computation goes back centuries, if not millennia, the history of vacuum tube computers is confined to the middle of the 20th century. Lee De Forest invented the triode in 1906.

  4. List of vacuum tubes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vacuum_tubes

    This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics. Many industrial, military or otherwise professional tubes were also produced.

  5. Category:Vacuum tube computers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vacuum_tube_computers

    Pages in category "Vacuum tube computers" The following 69 pages are in this category, out of 69 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...

  6. History of computing hardware (1960s–present) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing...

    For the purposes of this article, the term "second generation" refers to computers using discrete transistors, even when the vendors referred to them as "third-generation". By 1960 transistorized computers were replacing vacuum tube computers, offering lower cost, higher speeds, and reduced power consumption.

  7. History of computing hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware

    The vacuum-tube SAGE air-defense computers became remarkably reliable – installed in pairs, one off-line, tubes likely to fail did so when the computer was intentionally run at reduced power to find them. Hot-pluggable hard disks, like the hot-pluggable vacuum tubes of yesteryear, continue the tradition of repair during continuous operation ...

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  9. Timeline of computing 1950–1979 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computing_1950...

    SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer) demonstrated at US NBS in Washington, DC – was the first fully functional stored-program computer in the U.S. May 1950: UK The Pilot ACE computer, with 800 vacuum tubes, and mercury delay lines for its main memory, became operational on 10 May 1950 at the National Physical Laboratory near London.