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In Portugal, a person's full name has a minimum legal length of two names (one given name and one family name from either parent) and a maximum of six names (two first names and four surnames – he or she may have up to four surnames in any order desired picked up from the total of his/her parents and grandparents' surnames).
The 50 most frequent surnames in Portugal are listed below. [53] [54] [55] A number of these surnames may be preceded by of/from (de, d') or of the/from the (do, da, dos, das) as in de Sousa, da Costa, d'Oliveira. Those elements are not part of the surname and are not considered in an alphabetical order.
The adoption of this surname also became common among Sephardic Jews of Portuguese origin and was historically spread throughout the Sephardic Jewish diaspora [citation needed]. Origin: toponymic/natural world, from Latin pirum or pyrus (pear, pear-tree). Currently, it is one of the most common surnames in South America and Europe.
The Portuguese people (Portuguese: Portugueses – masculine – or Portuguesas) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation indigenous to Portugal, a country that occupies the west side of the Iberian Peninsula in south-west Europe, who share culture, ancestry and language.
Due to miscegenation, the correlation exists even among white people that have religious surnames. [citation needed] It was also common to name indigenous people and freed slaves with surnames which were already very common such as Silva or Costa. That is why [citation needed] Silva is the most common surname in Brazil.
The name comes from the Sousa River in northern Portugal. Sousa derives from Latin: saxa (stone, pebble), and the first man who used the surname was the noble of Visigoth origin Egas Gomes de Sousa. [citation needed] Sometimes the spelling is in the archaic form Souza or de Souza, which has occasionally been changed to Dsouza or D'Souza.
Permanent family surnames exist today but only gained popularity among Sephardic Jews in Iberia and elsewhere as early as the 10th or 11th century and did not spread widely to the Ashkenazic Jews of Germany or Eastern Europe until the 18th and 19th centuries, where the adoption of German surnames was imposed in exchange for Jewish emancipation ...
Ethnonymic surnames are surnames or bynames that originate from ethnonyms.They may originate from nicknames based on the descent of a person from a given ethnic group. Other reasons could be that a person came to a particular place from the area with different ethnic prevalence, from owing a property in such area, or had a considerable contact with persons or area of other ethnicity.