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With FIFO, the cost of inventory reported on the balance sheet represents the cost of the inventory purchased earliest. FIFO most closely mimics the flow of inventory, as businesses are far more likely to sell the oldest inventory first. Consider this example: Foo Co. had the following inventory at hand, in order of acquisition in November:
If she uses FIFO, her costs are 20 (10+10). If she uses average cost, her costs are 22 ( (10+10+12+12)/4 x 2). If she uses LIFO, her costs are 24 (12+12). Thus, her profit for accounting and tax purposes may be 20, 18, or 16, depending on her inventory method. After the sales, her inventory values are either 20, 22 or 24.
For example, organizations in the U.S. define inventory to suit their needs within US Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP), the rules defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (and others) and enforced by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and other federal and state agencies. Other countries often have ...
Inventory management is a broader term pertaining to the regulation of all inventory aspects, from what is already present in the warehouse to how the inventory arrived and where the product's final destination will be. [2] This management involves tracking field inventory throughout the supply chain, from sourcing to order fulfilment.
When a product is in a warehouse or store, it can be tracked via its barcode and/or other tracking criteria, such as serial number, lot number or revision number.Systems for Business, Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed. Nowadays, inventory management software often utilizes barcode, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and/or wireless tracking technology.
Average cost method is a method of accounting which assumes that the cost of inventory is based on the average cost of the goods available for sale during the period. [ 1 ] The average cost is computed by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total units available for sale.
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In inventory management, a stock keeping unit (abbreviated as SKU, pronounced es-kay-YOO or SKEW [1]) is the unit of measure in which the stocks of a material are managed.It is a distinct type of item for sale, [2] purchase, or tracking in inventory, [3] such as a product or service, and all attributes associated with the item type that distinguish it from other item types (for a product ...