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The relevant conversion is the exothermic reaction of potassium chloride and sulfuric acid: [1] [2] KCl + H 2 SO 4 → HCl + KHSO 4. Potassium bisulfate is a by-product in the production of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and sulfuric acid: [3] KNO 3 + H 2 SO 4 → KHSO 4 + HNO 3
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
A common nitrate test, known as the brown ring test [2] can be performed by adding iron(II) sulfate to a solution of a nitrate, then slowly adding concentrated sulfuric acid such that the acid forms a layer below the aqueous solution. A brown ring will form at the junction of the two layers, indicating the presence of the nitrate ion. [3]
Enthalpy change of solution in water at 25 °C for some selected compounds [2] Compound ΔH o in kJ/mol; hydrochloric acid: −74.84 ammonium nitrate +25.69 ammonia: −30.50 potassium hydroxide: −57.61 caesium hydroxide: −71.55 sodium chloride +3.87 potassium chlorate +41.38 acetic acid: −1.51 sodium hydroxide: −44.50
For example, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide the sodium and chloride ions, Na + and Cl − take no part in the reaction. The reaction is consistent with the Brønsted–Lowry definition because in reality the hydrogen ion exists as the hydronium ion, so that the neutralization reaction may be written as
Nitrous acid is used to prepare diazonium salts: HNO 2 + ArNH 2 + H + → ArN + 2 + 2 H 2 O. where Ar is an aryl group. Such salts are widely used in organic synthesis, e.g., for the Sandmeyer reaction and in the preparation azo dyes, brightly colored compounds that are the basis of a qualitative test for anilines. [9]
A comparison between the K a and K b indicates the acid–base property of the resulting solution by which: The solution is acidic if K a > K b. It contains a greater concentration of H + ions than concentration of OH − ions due more extensive cation hydrolysis compared to that of anion hydrolysis. The solution is alkaline if K a < K b.