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English: Complete neuron cell diagram. Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information. In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
Neurons are often grouped into a cluster known as a nucleus where they usually have roughly similar connections and functions. [3] Nuclei are connected to other nuclei by tracts of white matter . Glia are the supporting cells of the neurons and have many functions of which not all are clearly understood, but include providing support and ...
The soma of a neuron (i.e., the main part of the neuron in which the dendrites branch off of) contains many organelles, including granules called Nissl granules, which are composed largely of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free polyribosomes. [5] The cell nucleus is a key feature of the soma.
In neuroanatomy, a nucleus (pl.: nuclei) is a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, [1] located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. [2] The neurons in one nucleus usually have roughly similar connections and functions. [ 3 ]
For instance, the soma of a neuron can vary from 4 to 100 micrometers in diameter. [7] The soma is the body of the neuron. As it contains the nucleus, most protein synthesis occurs here. The nucleus can range from 3 to 18 micrometers in diameter. [8] The dendrites of a neuron are cellular extensions with many branches. This overall shape and ...
The Nucleus paragigantocellularis, which integrates autonomic and environmental stimuli; The Nucleus prepositus, which is involved in gaze; The Lateral hypothalamus, which releases orexin, which, as well as its other functions, is excitatory in the locus coeruleus.
White matter tracts within a human brain, as visualized by MRI tractography Rendering of a group connectome based on 20 subjects. Anatomical fibers that constitute the white matter architecture of the human brain are visualized color-coded by traversing direction (xyz-directions mapping to RGB colors respectively).
The neurons were stained for serotonin immunoreactivity, and photographed using a confocal microscope, with multiple images overlaid and color-coded according to depth. Arrows mark the peripherally located cell bodies of several neurons, whose neurites extend into the central neuropil (np), where their complex ramifications are indiscernible ...