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Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacterium Leptospira [8] that can infect humans, dogs, rodents and many other wild and domesticated animals. [8] Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild (headaches, muscle pains, and fevers) to severe (bleeding in the lungs or meningitis). [5]
L. interrogans can also obtain iron from heme, which is bound to most of the iron in the human body. The HbpA hemin-binding protein, which may be involved in the uptake of hemin , has been identified on the surface of L. interrogans [ 35 ] Although other pathogenic species of Leptospira and L. biflexa lack HbpA, yet another hemin-binding ...
The icteric phase, or phase two, includes more severe symptoms including hemorrhages and renal tubular failure. [5] The main ways for testing for bacteria and diagnosing infections include the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and PCR. [6] Leptospirosis is treated in humans by the antibiotics penicillin and doxycycline. [7] [8]
Leptospira noguchii is another pathogenic bacteria that causes Leptospirosis. Leptospirosis can be transferred in a multitude of ways. Leptospirosis can transfer from animals to humans , humans to humans, or animals to animals via intake of contaminated body fluids, such as urine and blood. [7]
Conjunctival suffusion is an eye finding occurring early in leptospirosis, which is caused by Leptospira interrogans.Conjunctival suffusion is characterized by redness of the conjunctiva that resembles conjunctivitis, but it does not involve inflammatory exudates. [1]
But these are common bird flu symptoms in humans, according to the CDC: Eye redness (conjunctivitis) Mild flu-like upper respiratory symptoms. Pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Fever or feeling ...
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Leptospira wolffii was first identified in Thailand from a patient's urine sample, who had contracted leptospirosis in 2008. [2] L.wolffii is classified as an intermediate Leptospira, along with L. inadai, L. fainei, L. broomii, and L. licerasiae, meaning it can be carried by a host asymptomatically or cause the disease leptospirosis. [5]